The Reasons to Avoid a Guardianship

Filed under: Guardianship Tags:

Guardianships are administered and controlled by the Probate Court. Almost all records are public and open for inspection. When someone applies for a Guardianship over an adult that is physically and/or mentally incapacitated, the process requires a Physician’s Statement, Court Investigator’s Report and other filings. These could create embarrassment for the alleged incompetent and/or family.

With a Guardianship, the Probate process continues indefinitely until the incompetent is restored to competency or dies. Therefore, this process involves continuing Probate expense, possibly bond premiums, fiduciary and attorney fees. And, since this is a public record, all financial details surrounding the incompetent are open to public scrutiny.

This leads to the next question, which is how to avoid a Guardianship. The simple and most effective way is to provide a trusted family member or friend with a Durable Power of Attorney. This is different from a regular Power of Attorney because a regular Power of Attorney ceases to have legal effect upon the individual becoming incapacitated. Therefore it is critical to consider giving the correct type of Power of Attorney. To help minimize or avoid probate it is best to provide someone you trust with a Durable Power of Attorney.

Should a guardianship become necessary, an individual may also nominate a Guardian for themselves in their Power of Attorney.

In addition to having a Durable Power of Attorney in order to help avoid probate, it is essential to consider providing a Durable Power of Attorney for Health care decision making.

Finally, another way to avoid Probate or Guardianship is to have a Living Trust. However, the most common mistake people make with a Living Trust is the failure to fund their Trust. If a Trust is properly funded, it can minimize the risk associated with a Guardianship.

For more information regarding Guardianship or Contact Us.

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What is Gestational Surrogacy?

Filed under: Surrogacy Tags:

Almost every surrogacy procedure is a gestational surrogacy procedure. In this type, a surrogate carries a child that was conceived using eggs and sperm from a couple or from donor eggs and sperm.

In traditional surrogacy the surrogate carrier’s own egg is used and combined with sperm from the male partner through intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this case, the surrogate is biologically related to the child.

In gestational surrogacy, the surrogate is not biologically related to the child. Gestational surrogacy is considered less risky since the child she is carrying is not biologically related.

To protect the rights of all parties, a contract must be drawn up before beginning the surrogacy process. The couple will pay the surrogate a fee that is agreed upon before the procedure begins. The couple may also pay for preparation, screenings, pregnancy related expenses, medical expenses, agency fees, delivery fees, etc.

The ideal surrogate has had her own child or children and should be an adult. Using a surrogate that has had a child shows she is capable of carrying a child to term and lessens the chances of the surrogate becoming emotionally attached to the child. In order to find a surrogate, many couples consult fertility clinics, websites, lawyers, or other agencies.

When choosing an attorney to assist with a surrogacy matter, do so carefully. Not every attorney is experienced in surrogacy. Tommy Taneff is a former Probate Court Magistrate who has handled surrogacy matters for years.

For more information about Surrogacy or Contact us.

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What You Must Consider When Selecting A Guardian For Your Kids

Have you ever thought about who takes care of your kids if something happens to you and you haven’t chosen a Legal Guardian? Don’t just consider the obvious choice, i.e. your parents or other relative. A Guardian does not have to be a relative. It can be almost anyone. But don’t leave it up to a Judge!

If you chose an older adult, consider their health. If you have young children, will your Guardian have enough energy to deal with this? If your Guardian has children of their own, how will your children integrate with the Guardian’s children? Consider what happens if you’ve chosen a couple and they divorce or one of them dies. Would you be comfortable with either of them being the sole Guardian?

Consider the personality to which your children will be exposed. Is the Guardian that you’ve chosen loving, caring and a good role model? Are they kind, patient and affectionate? Chose a Guardian that will provide well for your children with love and emotional support considering the loss that they will have experienced.

Don’t restrict yourself to choosing a Guardian that has money. That should not be your primary concern. The most important things to consider is who shares your values and belief system, i.e. religious, moral, child-rearing philosophy, and education.

Write down the reasons why you have chosen a certain person as Guardian in order to minimize a Court-challenge to your choice. Make sure you have discussed your choice with the person(s) chosen.

Finally, consult with an experienced Estate Attorney!

For more information see Estate Planning, Guardianships, or Contact Us.

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The Silent Crime of Elder Abuse “The Most Common Form of Elder Abuse is Financial Exploitation”

A growing number of seniors become victims of financial exploitation and abuse. As our population ages, this problem will continue to grow.

Each year elderly become targets of fraud and abuse. In some cases, elderly are left broke after losing their life savings. The number of elderly victims of financial abuse is likely to increase, especially in these challenging economic times. Many of the elderly are emotionally vulnerable and easy prey for financial predators.

What is most disturbing is that many cases of elder financial abuse usually involve a family member, relative, close friend or caregiver.

In order to fight against elder financial abuse it is critical for family members and friends to keep a vigilant and watchful eye on their loved ones. If they see signs of unusual behavior, then inquiries should be made immediately. If you suspect elder financial abuse, you may contact the police, Adult Protective Services, Probate Court, or even a Probate attorney.

For more information about Guardianship, Estate Planning, or Contact us.

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The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Probate Guardianship

Filed under: Guardianship Tags:

One of the advantages of a Guardianship is that a Guardian is appointed by the Probate Court. Since the appointment of a Guardian is made by the Probate Court, the Guardian is controlled and supervised by the Court. This simply means that the Guardian cannot act without Court authority. This oversight protects the Guardian and most importantly, the ward on whose behalf the Guardian acts. This minimizes the risk of a breach of fiduciary duties and/or mismanagement or theft of the ward’s funds.

Some of the disadvantages of a Probate Court Guardianship include the expenses associated with this process. Additionally, because the Probate Court Guardianship files are public records, privacy is lost. As a result, many of the personal details of disability and/or financial affairs are open to public scrutiny and potential embarrassment.

Some of the legal options or alternatives to a Probate Court Guardianship include having a Durable Power of Attorney, a Durable Healthcare Power of Attorney, and/or possibly a Living Trust.

For more information about Guardianships or Contact us.

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Surrogate Will Help Mother Create Grandchild Using Deceased Son’s Sperm

Filed under: Surrogacy Tags:

A woman recently lost a son who died in a night club fight. That grieving mother is now preparing to create a grandchild using her deceased son’s sperm. Shortly after Marissa Evans’ son died, his sperm was collected and will be combined with an egg from a donor and implanted into a surrogate.

Nikolas died after he was struck outside an Austin night club. The son hit his head after falling to the ground and died approximately 10 days later. The mother chose the egg from a donor who resembled her deceased son’s facial features, education and interests. The egg donor and the surrogate who will carry the child are two different people who live in two different countries. The egg donor is from Russia.

For more information about Surrogacy or Contact Us.

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House Bill 92

Filed under: Adoption Tags: ,

House Bill 92 now allows an adult to be adopted if the adult is the child of the spouse, as long as the adult child consents to the adoption.

This means that a child can finally become a regular member of the family. Previously under Ohio law, an adult could only be adopted if he had established a parent-childlike relationship as a minor. If a couple had married and decided they wanted to combine their families, parents could only adopt the other parent’s minor children. But what to do in a situation where you have remarried and your new spouse has an adult child who wishes to become bound to this family? Previously under Ohio law that adult child could not be adopted.

Now House Bill 92 allows each spouse to affirm the other’s children and put all the kids on the same footing.

To see House Bill 92 as passed by House, cut and paste the following link to your browser:

http://www.lsc.state.oh.us/analyses129/h0092-ph-129.pdf

For more information about Adoption or Contact us.

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House Bill 279 To Expand Caretaker Authority To Other Relatives

House Bill 279 would expand power of attorney and caretaker authority to include relatives in addition to grandparents. The Bill expands the class of people who may execute a Caretaker Authorization Affidavit, or who is eligible to be an Attorney-in-fact under a Power of Attorney for child care, custody and control.

When a custodial parent is unable to care for their child the new law expands the use of the Power of Attorney from only grandparents to any other family caregiver.

The new law would give a kin caregiver rights and responsibility regarding the care, custody and control of the child. This would include the ability to enroll the child in school, obtain education and behavioral information, consent to school matters, and medical treatment of the child.

Essentially this Bill expands the use of caretaker from only grandparents to qualified relatives, i.e. relatives related by blood or marriage, and enhances Ohio’s policies regarding kinship caregivers.

To see House Bill 279 As Introduced, cut and paste the following link to your browser: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=129_HB_279.

For more information about Estate Planning, Guardianships or Contact Us.

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When a Guardianship is Necessary

Filed under: Guardianship Tags:

On occasion a family member may exhibit unusual behavior that causes concern for family members. Whenever a loved one is in danger, or behaving in a way that could cause real harm, and/or financial or physical damage to themselves, it is time to consider a guardianship.

A guardianship can be necessary where a person is physically and/or mentally incapacitated and that person never issued a Durable Power of Attorney.

Some situations to watch out for include a loved one who lives alone and refuses to come out, eat properly or bathe, take all their medication, or simply live in a home that is dirty and in complete disarray.

Other examples of unusual behavior that could trigger the necessity of a guardianship include when a loved one begins to get lost, can’t remember where he or she is or how to get home. Is the family member exhibiting signs of dementia, paranoia and/or delusion? Are they physically attacking another household member? Are there signs of financial exploitation or gross mismanagement of their assets?

Failure to intervene in these situations could lead to serious harm.

Whenever an individual is exhibiting unusual or bizarre behavior that is totally uncharacteristic it is time to step in and consider a guardianship. By taking prompt action, you minimize the risk associated with this loved one harming themselves physically and/or financially.

For more information about Guardianships or Contact Us.

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Common Questions About Estate Planning

Filed under: estate planning Tags:

Who can create a Will? Any person that is mentally competent, at least 18 years old and is not under any fraud, coercion, duress or undue influence.

Who should have a Will? Every adult should have a Will in order to direct how your estate is divided upon death. You should also name the person who you want to handle the administration of your estate, called an Executor. Having a Will can help reduce probate costs.

What is one of the most important things a Will does? It can nominate a Guardian for your minor children if something should happen to you.

How long is my Will valid? A Will is valid until you revoke it, destroy it, or sign a new Will.

Can I change my Will? Since your Will does not take effect until you die, it can be changed at any time during your life as long as you are mentally competent.

What happens if I don’t have a Will? Then the State of Ohio decides who receives your property regardless of what your wishes were.

Is a Trust a substitute for a Will? No. A Trust does not eliminate the need for a Will. If you have a Living Trust, you still must have a Will to pour over any of the assets that have not been or cannot be placed into the Trust. A Trust can also help avoid estate taxes.

Who should draft your Will? Only use a lawyer that is familiar with estate planning to avoid the risks. Many lawyers do not practice in the area of estate planning and this can create serious problems for your estate plan.

For more information about Estate Planning or Contact us.

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How To Avoid A Guardianship

Filed under: Guardianship Tags:

At some point, every person will become mentally and/or physically disabled during their lifetime. Without the proper documents and legal plan your life may become subject to a Probate Guardianship. Who the Probate Court appoints as your Legal Guardian may be someone you never would have agreed to. Typically, a Guardian is a family member, but often when family members fight, the Court may decide to pick a third and disinterested party.

The ideal way to avoid a Probate Guardianship is to have the correct disability legal plan to cover medical and/or financial decision making. This is usually done with a Durable Power of Attorney.

Another way to avoid a Guardianship is to have a properly funded Revocable Living Trust. With a Trust, if you have chosen an appropriate Successor Trustee, then this person would take over financial decision making for you.

In the unforeseen circumstance that a Guardianship cannot be avoided even with a valid Durable Power of Attorney or Trust because of disputes among family members, you can state your preferences for who you wish to become your appointed Guardian by expressing your choice in your Durable Power of Attorney.

For more information about Guardianship or Contact Us.

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What Happens to Your Digital Stuff After You Die?

Filed under: estate planning Tags:

Do you have pictures, e-mail, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, or blog accounts and an Internet presence? What happens to online property when we pass away? These issues must be considered when doing estate planning.

Anything connected to your digital image can outlive you. How do you want your image managed? What if your surviving heirs decide to remove your blogs from the internet against your wishes? Would you want to place your electronic archives on someone else’s website or what happens to your current website? Online service providers may have different policies. Some online entities prohibit transferring accounts to others.

You may wish to have an offline backup of things you cherish, like photographs. You may even want to create an inventory of your online accounts and property. Share your passwords with someone you trust and tell them you put your passwords here and this is how you’ve stored them. Provide a simple list with the names and ways to access your electronic data and specifically what your wishes are to avoid estate problems.

Your estate planning documents should authorize someone to handle your digital “belongings”. When choosing a fiduciary consider whether the person you chose as Power of Attorney, Executor, or Trustee has technical understanding of how to manage digital property.

For more information about Estate Planning or Contact Us.

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Don’t Forget Your IRS Refund for Adoption!

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

The Federal adoption tax credit has been enhanced for adoptive parents and prospective parents. The adoption tax credit has been increased to $13,170.00. It is now fully refundable! This means even if you did not owe federal taxes, you will get a refund.

You can qualify for the adoption tax credit whether you do a domestic or foreign adoption and whether or not the child has special needs.

The expenses that qualify include legal, medical, adoption fees, Court costs, and travel expenses. The IRS outlines what qualifies at their website. You must have documentation for your expenses with receipts. Some parents who are in higher income tax brackets may not be eligible.

Disclaimer. I am not a tax preparer. This information is presented for you to share with your tax preparer.

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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Payable on Death Accounts Can Avoid Probate But Watch Out!

Filed under: Uncategorized

Another way to keep some of your assets out of probate is to set up a payable on death (POD) account. With a POD account, you are the owner of the account during your life, and you can name a beneficiary who will receive the account upon your death. Since you have named a beneficiary on the account, by contract it becomes a non-probate asset and therefore passes outside probate and directly to the named beneficiary upon your death.

But, be careful! When you name a beneficiary on a POD account, your Will has no control over this account. And because your Will has no effect on your POD account, you need to think carefully about who you name as a beneficiary on the account. In other words, if you name one child as a beneficiary on the POD account and you write a Will leaving your estate equally to all of your children, the POD account would not be shared with the other children.

Only use a lawyer familiar with estate planning to avoid risks. Because of the complexity of estate planning it is important to consult with an attorney who does estate planning on a regular basis.

For more information about Estate Planning or Contact Us.

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Estate Planning for Same Sex/Non-Traditional Partners

Filed under: estate planning Tags:

The following legal options are relatively unknown but have been successfully used to help avoid contests in estate planning for same sex/non-traditional partners.

Under the Designation of Heir At Law statute, a person may appear before the Probate Judge and file a “written declaration” that, as his free and voluntary act, he designates another to stand in such relation as an heir at law in the event of death. This basically means a same-sex partner could ask the Court to declare the other same-sex partner as an “heir at law” and thus they would be treated as a child born in wedlock for purposes of inheritance.

The designation of heir at law action could also be used to safeguard in the event that a same-sex partner wrote a Will leaving their Estate to the other partner and that Will were successfully contested and thrown out. If this were the case, then the same-sex partner would inherit under the Statute of Descent and Distribution and thus stand in the place of a child.

Another legal option to try and foreclose a successful Will Contest is to petition the Probate Court to decide the validity of a Will, also known as a “Pre-Probate of Will” action. Under this law a person may ask the Court for a judgment while they are alive declaring the Will valid.

This procedure is essentially a request to the Court to find that the Will is valid during the life of the testator and in essence to help minimize the risk of a Will Contest or the chances for the success of the same.

Only use a lawyer familiar with estate planning to avoid risks. Because of the complexity of estate planning it is important to consult with an attorney who does estate planning on a regular basis.

For more information about Estate Planning or Contact Us.

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Couple Put Up Billboard to Locate a Baby for Adoption

Filed under: Adoption Tags: ,

In Michigan, a couple who is looking for a baby for adoption, put up a billboard advertising their attempt to adopt. Rather than waiting to locate a baby through an agency, they decided to become proactive to find a prospective birth mother on their own.

Although the couple was also networking by asking family, friends and relatives to help, they decided to expand their efforts and target a much larger audience by buying a billboard ad and putting it up on Interstate 75 in Grand Blanc, Michigan. The billboard message was simple. It read “LOVING COUPLE LOOKING TO ADOPT” and listed the couple’s names and phone number. The couple stated that since posting the billboard they have received numerous calls.

Under Ohio law, such advertising is considered illegal. Although many of us lawyers consider the Ohio law that prohibits advertising to be a violation of first amendment rights, to my knowledge this has yet to be challenged.

Ohio law does recognize networking efforts to locate a child. Some couples even decide to advertise out of state. Aggressive networking does work in locating prospective birth mothers interested in placing their baby for adoption.

When choosing an attorney to assist with an adoption matter, prospective clients should do so carefully. Not every attorney is experienced in the adoption area. Just because an attorney has done a step-parent adoption does not mean he is familiar with the intricacies of a private/independent adoption.

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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Estate Planning For Pets

Most people do estate planning to take care of their loved ones in the event they become disabled or die. To many people, pets are like children. Just as there is almost no one perfect to take care of your children should something happen to us, the same goes for our pets.

In many cases, when someone moves into a nursing home or dies pets are euthanized. This can happen when the pet owner is no longer able to care for the pet and the pet is left behind without a plan.

Consider who will take care of your pet. The best way to accomplish this is to have a Limited Durable Power of Attorney, a Will, and even a Revocable Living Trust.

In addition to designating a primary caregiver for your pet, you should pick a back-up in case the first person you chose is unavailable or declines to take responsibility for the pet.

In the event you are in an accident, it is a good idea to have a Limited Durable Power of Attorney designating someone you trust to be the pet’s caregiver. Also chose a back-up.

Consider how much you should allocate for your pet’s care. The things to consider in deciding how much to put into a Trust really depend on the pet’s age, health, needs, size and type of species. For example, a parrot can live for a long time.

One of the best ways to make sure your pet is taken care of, is to fund a Revocable Living Trust. When you die, the Will or Estate can take some time to be administered. With a Trust, the benefit is that it is effective immediately.

Not all attorneys are competent and capable in the area of Estate planning. Make sure you chose someone that knows what they are doing and has experience in the area of Estate planning.

For more information about Estate Planning or Contact Us.

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Adoption Tax Credit Expanded

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

IR-2010-100 – The Internal Revenue Service issued guidance on the expanded adoption credit included in the Affordable Care Act.

The Affordable Care Act raises the maximum adoption credit to $13,170 per child. It also makes the credit refundable, meaning that eligible taxpayers can get it even if they owe no tax for that year. In general, the credit is based on the reasonable and necessary expenses related to a legal adoption, including adoption fees, court costs, attorney’s fees and travel expenses. Income limits and other special rules apply.

In addition to filling out Form 8839, Qualified Adoption Expenses, eligible taxpayers must include with their 2010 tax returns one or more adoption-related documents, detailed in the guidance issued today.

The documentation requirements, designed to ensure that taxpayers properly claim the credit, mean that taxpayers claiming the credit will have to file paper tax returns. Normally, it takes six to eight weeks to get a refund claimed on a complete and accurate paper return where all required documents are attached. The IRS encourages taxpayers to use direct deposit to speed their refund.

Taxpayers claiming the credit will still be able to use IRS Free File to prepare their returns, but the returns must be printed out and sent to the IRS, along with all required documentation.

Related Items:

  • Notice 2010-66
  • Revenue Procedure 2010-31
  • Revenue Procedure 2010-35

Disclaimer: Please consult with your tax preparer.

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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How To Avoid Probate Litigation

Communication is the key. Talk to your heirs if you are doing something unusual and unnatural regarding the disposition of your estate. An explanation can go a long way in helping to minimize litigation. Especially when you are making an uneven distribution or excluding a child or grandchild. It always helps to explain why you are doing this.

Periodically review your estate planning documents with your attorney. Your estate plan will need to be updated due to a major life change, such as the death of a beneficiary, a divorce or significant change in financial circumstances.

Most states will recognize and honor a “no contest” clause. This can also help minimize or discourage legal disputes.

Disposing of your personal belongings can be critical. Many times it is the insignificant items that can delay the administration of the estate. It’s the items that really have little monetary value that are of more sentimental value to a family member. By specifically mentioning these items in your Will or Trust or having a personal property memorandum that specifically lists your personal belongings and who is to receive what, this can minimize the aggravation and litigation later.

Finally, make sure your estate planning documents are prepared properly. Avoid the do-it-yourself or online kits. These can wreak havoc on your estate and only create litigation later.

For more information about Probate/Estate Administration or Contact Us.

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How to Avoid Adoption Scams

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

Adoption scams are rare, but occasionally happen. Usually when prospective adoptive parents are desperate to adopt they fail to do due diligence and the necessary homework.

To minimize the risk of being scammed in an adoption, the following suggestions should be considered:

1. Ask tough questions and question the qualifications and methods of locating a baby with the professionals you may work with.

2. Never pay large up-front fees.

3. Only work with professionals whose information and qualifications can be verified.

4. Avoid working with individuals with untraceable telephone numbers.

5. Avoid the urge to wire money to someone who needs it immediately.

6. Get specific answers to all of your questions.

7. Avoid individuals who give evasive answers or few details.

8. Beware of anyone who guarantees a baby within a specific amount of time. Most professionals will not made such promises.

9. Avoid anyone who is pressuring you.

10. Use your common sense and always go with your gut feelings.

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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The Dangers of Do-It-Yourself Estate Planning Documents

Filed under: estate planning Tags:

Most people (approximately 60 to 65% of Central Ohio people) do not have a Will. Why? Because most of us are busy living and working and the last thing we think about is our mortality.

Usually the Do-It-Yourself Wills are done by people who can afford to have a Will professionally done. The typical errors include improper witnessing, signatures, conflicting language, a failure to properly dispose of the assets, and of course estate tax avoidance language. Other errors could cause the loss of significant estate tax savings, and/or improper probate avoidance techniques, and not to mention an unequal distribution of their estate.

The loss in business to probate/estate planning lawyers is short term! In the long run there will be more business due to the litigation that will result! Lawyers will see a boom in estate litigation and in business!

Most people can wreak havoc by drafting their own estate planning documents. In the end (pun intended) the ones they loved and cared about will suffer the most from the chaos and legal problems they will leave with their family!

The cost to have a Will or Trust done professionally and correctly is a fraction of what the family will spend in estate legal fees cleaning up the mess!

Finally, if you use a lawyer, keep in mind not every lawyer knows the ins and outs of estate planning!

For more information about Estate Planning or Contact Us.

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Social & Medical History: About Adoption Birth Parents

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

When prospective birth parents are met with, social and medical histories are collected. Medical releases are also requested and may be forwarded to the birth mother’s doctor and hospital before or after the delivery to obtain medical records. All history is sent to you so you may share this information with your doctors. Every attempt is made to get an accurate history, but we rely solely on the birth parents for this information. Therefore, history provided cannot be guaranteed. We do not withhold any negative information. You may consult with independent medical, genetic, and social work experts regarding social and medical information.

Some information about birth parent(s) may be verified using other services. Approximate costs are:

  • Drug Screens - $50 – 100
  • Criminal Background Check – $50 – 100

For more information about Adoption or Contact us.

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The Surrogacy Alternative to Adoption

Filed under: Surrogacy Tags:

Many childless couples and single parents choose surrogacy so they can have a baby that is genetically related to one or both of them.

Surrogate means substitute. A surrogacy involves an agreement where a woman agrees to become pregnant and give birth to a child for the intended or contracted party. Typically a surrogate is compensated for the service of carrying a child through delivery.

A donor egg IFV involves the process where the egg from a donor is mixed with the sperm from a biological father in a laboratory. If an embryo is produced, it is cultivated or grown in a lab dish and then transferred to the recipient’s uterus.

Typically an egg donor is chosen by looking at a donor with similar traits, such as hair and eye color, height, talents, intellect, and/or athletic ability. A typical surrogate is 21 to 35 years of age. Some may be married and may have had previous normal deliveries and healthy babies.

The surrogacy process involves a screening of the surrogate for infectious diseases and genetic conditions. Surrogates should also be tested for addictions and/or substance abuse. A complete social and medical history is obtained. A normal obstetric history is preferred. A thorough physical examination is also done to maximize the chances of success.

For more information about Surrogacy/Adoption or Contact us.

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Adoption Tax Credit Gets Better

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

In 2010 the Adoption Tax Credit now becomes a refundable credit. This is fantastic news for adoptive families.

This means families can now claim the credit in one lump sum on 2010 taxes even if their total tax liability is less than the adoption tax credit.

It gets even better. The change also applies retroactively to families who finalized their adoptions as far back as 2005 and who still have the adoption tax credit to carry forward.

The maximum adoption tax credit per child increases to $13,170 in 2010. Under the expanded benefits, the refundable tax credit allows families who owe no taxes to receive the funds from the government.

Disclaimer: Please consult with your tax preparer.

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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Contesting a Will

Whenever someone disagrees with the decedent’s Last Will and Testament there are numerous grounds on which a Will can be challenged.

Typically a will contest involves an allegation that the testator, or person who made the Will, lacked mental capacity, i.e. that they were not of sound mind due to mental and/or physical illness, or the effects of drugs or alcohol.

A Will can also be challenged if there was fraud, coercion, duress or undue influence. In other words if the person who made the Will was threatened or forced into writing a Will that did not truly reflect what their wishes were, then the Will can be challenged.

Another reason to challenge a Will is that the laws regarding execution and/or witnessing were not complied with. It is not uncommon, especially in today’s day and age with people who decide to write their own Wills, to have the wrong person witness a Will. If this happens, it could prove fatal to the Will and/or the wishes of the decedent.

For more information about Estate Administration/Probate or Contact Us.

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Who Will Take Care of Your Pets If You Become Disabled or When You Die?

Most people with pets rarely make formal legal arrangements for who will be responsible for the care of their pets if they become disabled or when they die. Unfortunately a failure to plan could result in the pet going to someone that you did not have in mind, or worst case scenario to someone who decides to have your pet euthanized because no one has stepped forward to care for your pet.

It is important to consider who would take care of your pet in the event you became disabled, and in this situation a Will would not be of much help.

However, a properly drawn Trust or Durable Power of Attorney could provide you with some assurance that your pet would be properly taken care of in the event you become disabled or die. These legal documents are commonly called “Pet Trusts” and are used to protect your animals and to ensure that they receive the proper and loving care that you would wish for.

With a Pet Trust, you can make sure that your animal receives the quality of care that you have expressed in your legal document. Typically the Trustee would be responsible for supervising the pet caregiver and paying for fees and costs associated with food, medical care, the animal’s housing, etc.

For more information about Estate Planning or Contact Us.

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When a Probate Attorney is Needed

Whenever someone passes away, the administration of the estate may involve determining whether the decedent’s Will is valid. If an individual dies without a Will, then the State of Ohio determines how the assets are divided under the Statute of Descent and Distribution.

Using a competent Probate and Estate Attorney can help avoid mistakes in the administration of an estate. Using a capable Probate and Estate Attorney can also help to expedite the administration process.

An experienced Probate and Estate Attorney can also help to protect an executor from making mistakes in the administration of the estate. This is important because ultimately the executor is personally liable for any legal or financial mistakes.

A competent and experienced Probate Attorney can help to minimize mistakes, expedite the administration of the estate and ultimately save time and money.

For more information about Probate/Estate Administration or Contact Us.

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Suggestions Before You Draft A Will

Filed under: estate planning Tags:
First, pick a competent and experience Probate and Estate Planning attorney. Avoid doing it yourself with online forms because this can only lead to many mistakes. Using a competent lawyer can help to avoid mistakes.

The second thing to consider is who will be your executor? Always chose someone with good common sense and someone that you trust. It is also critical to chose an alternate or backup executor in the event that the original person you have nominated declines, resigns, or is simply unavailable to serve as executor.

Another vital and important consideration is who will be guardian over minor children. Failure to consider this issue could result in the Court’s determining custody. It is also important that an alternate guardian be nominated in case your first choice declines, resigns or is simply unavailable to serve as guardian.

Store your will in a safe place where it cannot be damaged, destroyed, stolen or lost. The following are places where you may store an original Will: asking your bank trust department, safe deposit box, some probate courts will store this, and of course, you may ask your attorney.

For more information regarding Estate Planning or Contact Us.

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The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Probate Guardianship

Filed under: Guardianship Tags:

One of the advantages of a Guardianship is that a Guardian is appointed by the Probate Court. Since the appointment of a Guardian is made by the Probate Court, the Guardian is controlled and supervised by the Court. This simply means that the Guardian cannot act without Court authority. This oversight protects the Guardian and most importantly, the ward on whose behalf the Guardian acts. This minimizes the risk of a breach of fiduciary duties and/or mismanagement or theft of the ward’s funds.

Some of the disadvantages of a Probate Court Guardianship include the expenses associated with this process. Additionally, because the Probate Court Guardianship files are public records, privacy is lost. As a result, many of the personal details of disability and/or financial affairs are open to public scrutiny and potential embarrassment.

Some of the legal options or alternatives to a Probate Court Guardianship include having a Durable Power of Attorney, a Durable Healthcare Power of Attorney, and/or possibly a Living Trust.

For more information about Guardianships or Contact Us.

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Reasons to Have a Will

Filed under: estate planning Tags:

Most people think after they die that everything will automatically pass to their loved ones. This may not necessarily be the case.

If a person dies without a Will, the State of Ohio and the Probate Court will decide who gets what and when, and how to distribute the assets. And there is no guarantee that your wishes will be fulfilled. This is only one reason why you must have a Will.

By having a Will, a person can ensure that their assets go to their intended beneficiaries. Having a Will can also expedite the Estate administration process.

A well drafted Will can also help minimize family fights about the Estate. It is helpful that a well written Will be as specific as possible to minimize disputes among loved ones about your property.

You should also consider who gets what in the event the primary beneficiary should pre-decease. Naming a contingent beneficiary is always a good idea. A well drafted Will should also contain a residual clause. This disposes of any remaining assets that are not previously distributed .

Finally, the most important and overlooked reason to have a Will is to determine who would be named as Guardian of a minor child. Without a Will, this issue is decided by the Courts. In order to avoid the Court’s deciding who gets guardianship over a minor child, you must name a Guardian and alternate in the event the primary Guardian refuses or is unable to serve.

Because of the complexity of estate planning it is important to consult with an attorney who does estate planning on a regular basis in order to address specific concerns that each individual has.

For more information about Estate Planning, or Contact Us.

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Post Adoption Release of Information

Filed under: Adoption Tags: ,

Procedures and information available differ for pre January 1, 1964, adoptions; January 1, 1964, to September 18, 1996; and September 18, 1996, and thereafter adoptions.

R.C. 3107.38 provides that for adoptions prior to January 1, 1964, the adopted person may submit a request to the ODJFS for a non-identifying copy of the adoption file or file a petition with the Probate Court pursuant to R.C. 3107.41.

R.C. 3107.41 provides that for adoptions between January 1, 1964, and September 18, 1996, an adopted person twenty-one years or older may file a petition with the Probate Court for the release of certain information.

R.C. 3107.45 to R.C. 3107.53, and R.C. 3107.66 liberalize access to post September 18, 1996, adoption records. An adopted person age twenty-one years or more, an adoptive parent of an adopted person eighteen to twenty-one years, a birth parent or sibling age twenty-one years or older, may obtain from the ODJFS information authorized by other parties.

For more information about Adoptions or Contact Us.

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Open Adoption

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

An attorney or agency arranging an adoption has a duty to advise the parties of the right to enter into a non binding open adoption.  Open adoption allows the exchange of information, including identifying information.  The Probate Court may not refuse to approve an adoption because of an open adoption agreement.  An open adoption is not legally enforceable.  An open adoption agreement cannot:

  • Share parental control
  • Deny access to social or medical history
  • Deny adoptive parent or child a copy of child’s adoption file
  • Deny parties non-identifying information
  • Provide that open adoption is binding or enforceable

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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Post Adoption Contact With Birth Parents

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

The birth parents are given no identifying information about the adopting parents unless you have arranged an open adoption. Birth parents may inquire through our office about the child’s well-being or request a photo. While life may go on for the birth parents, the pain does not end. The exchange of status letters and photographs between the birth parents and the adoptive parents can be arranged through the office. For many prospective birth parents, the knowledge that they may have this type of exchange will not only ease their minds, but it may help them to make the decision to follow through with an adoption plan.

I know you will be preoccupied with the child. However, please take time to remember the birth parents. Many times I am asked by the birth mother, “how are they, how is the baby, are they happy, are they excited?” but my words are not good enough. Please send the birth parents a nice note and picture of the child if the birth parents request for this wonderful gift of life. This small token of appreciation is priceless. It assures the birth parents that the emotional toll taken to go through with the adoption was worth the pain and that they chose the right adoptive parents.

It is wise to mark your calendar and provide a status letter and photographs at one, three, six, nine and twelve months. There is no legal obligation to do so but one should always keep a moral commitment.

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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The Reasons to Avoid a Guardianship

Filed under: Guardianship Tags:

Guardianships are administered and controlled by the Probate Court. Almost all records are public and open for inspection. When someone applies for a Guardianship over an adult that is physically and/or mentally incapacitated, the process requires a Physician’s Statement, Court Investigator’s Report and other filings. These could create embarrassment for the alleged incompetent and/or family.

With a Guardianship, the Probate process continues indefinitely until the incompetent is restored to competency or dies. Therefore, this process involves continuing Probate expense, possibly bond premiums, fiduciary and attorney fees. And, since this is a public record, all financial details surrounding the incompetent are open to public scrutiny.

This leads to the next question, which is how to avoid a Guardianship. The simple and most effective way is to provide a trusted family member or friend with a Durable Power of Attorney. This is different from a regular Power of Attorney because a regular Power of Attorney ceases to have legal effect upon the individual becoming incapacitated. Therefore it is critical to consider giving the correct type of Power of Attorney. To help minimize or avoid the probate it is best to provide someone you trust with a Durable Power of Attorney.

Should a guardianship become necessary, an individual may nominate a Guardian for themselves in their Power of Attorney.

In addition to having a Durable Power of Attorney in order to help avoid probate, it is essential to consider also providing a Durable Power of Attorney for Health care decision making.

Finally, another way to help avoid Probate or Guardianship is to have a Living Trust. However, the most common mistake people make with a Living Trust is the failure to fund their Trust. If a Trust is properly funded, it can minimize the risk associated with a Guardianship.

For more information about Guardianships or Contact Us.

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GETTING A SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER AND EXEMPTION FOR ADOPTED CHILD

Filed under: Adoption Tags:

After finalization of your adoption you will need a Social Security Number to take a personal exemption for your child. Because adoptive parents often do not have necessary records (Adoption Certificate or new Birth Certificate) this can be a problem. Some adoptive parents have successfully obtained a Social Security Number by walking into their local Social Security Office using the Adoption Placement Certificate or Final Decree of Adoption.

Another option is to obtain a temporary Social Security Number also known as an adoption tax payer identification number (ATIN) for a child without these documents for parents who are awaiting a Final Order of Adoption. They can claim the child as a dependent and take the child care credit if available. To obtain a ATIN, contact the IRS for Form W-7A. For more information, consult with your tax preparer.

For more information about Adoption or Contact Us.

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